The Great Depression And World War II Essay - 1391 Words

From 1929 to 1945, two catastrophes occurred: the Great Depression and World War II. American political leaders established a cause-effect relationship between economic collapse and total war, based on these two events, which defined their policy approach in the post-war period. In the 1930s, American leadership, and most importantly, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, came to view economic decline, political radicalization, and instability as forming a vicious cycle that led to utter chaos and war. Although FDR did not know the future consequences of the economic fallout, he did know that breaking the cycle was of systemic importance. FDR’s policy platform, known as the New Deal, disregarded the historical wariness for government intervention and boldly connected economic security to freedom. Essentially, he attempted to push the American system to its limit in order to save it. Even with conservative elements constantly attempting to restrain his initiatives, FDR expanded his focus in the latter years of the 1930s to include international affairs as war broke out in Europe, Africa, and Asia. FDR and other government elites openly talked about the responsibility America had to build a new world order. Before further analyzing why American leadership correlated economic insecurity with armed conflict, it is important to understand whom that leadership included. Riding a wave of public discontent, FDR won a landslide election in 1932, ushering in an era of governmentShow MoreRelatedWorld War II And The Great Depression1658 Words   |  7 Pages The highly numbered risks of war have rigorous effects on societies around the world. World War II had positive and negative effects during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating mo re jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was alreadyRead MoreWorld War II : The Great Depression1543 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Gentry Gary Damon American History II 10:00 MWF 25 April 2016 World War II Two decades after the first World War happen another world war occurred known as World War II. There were many causes that led up to this war. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, but Germany had to accept the responsibility of the war. Therefore, Germany economy went downhill and people were starving because of war debt. The Great Depression had a big effect on a lot of countries; therefore, countries startedRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1507 Words   |  7 PagesFaced with the Great Depression and World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt, nicknamed â€Å"FDR,† guided America through its greatest domestic crisis, with the exception of the Civil War, and its greatest foreign crisis. His presidency—which spanned twelve years—was unparalleled, not only in length but in scope. FDR took office with the country mired in a horrible and debilitating economic depression that not only sapped its material wealth and spiritual strength, but cast a pall o ver its future. RooseveltRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II955 Words   |  4 PagesIn America, the period between the Great Depression and World War II was rife with uncertainty. The struggles of the Great Depression were over, but their lasting effects shed doubt on America’s future. Persephone, was an attempt by Thomas Hart Benton in 1939 to cement regionalism as the official American art style during this era. However, despite his attempt to promote hope in America’s future, while still acknowledging the despair of the Great Depression, Persephone was regarded as obscene. RegionalismRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1280 Words   |  6 PagesSisters of Growth Throughout the beginning of time people have used art to express themselves. With each major, and minor, there is an artist that captures the world as it is around him. There are also artists that create fiction to give the world and escape from reality. The medium of art that will be discussed in this essay will be film. Since the invention of Thomas Jefferson kinecto graph and the Lumiere brothers cinemtograph, films have continued to be the most popular entertainment methodsRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II Essay2038 Words   |  9 PagesShort Answer: 1. World War I, The Great Depression, and World War II brought instability to the United States. As World War II came to an end in 1945 people were looking for stability, which is what the 1950’s resulted in. The 1950’s was a decade of conformity in all aspects of life; politics, economy, and culture. The fear of communism in America held a significant presence during and after World War II. The establishment of The House of Un-American Activities Committees in the late 1940’sRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1759 Words   |  8 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was the thirty-second U.S president, and the only president to be elected four times. He led American through the trials of the Great Depression and World War II. He was born on January 30, 1882 in New York. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s curiosity, persistence, and self- confidence served to be extremely helpful traits through his presidency. When he combines all of his super powers together it makes an amazing success story. Sadly Roosevelt’s life was brutally taken by the deadlyRead MoreThe Great Depression and World War II1795 Words   |  7 Pages Great Depression and WWII - NCHP Block 6 Many Americans still think that the Great Depression was caused by the stock market crashing, on October 29, 1929. What is true that most economists think now is that the stock market crash alone could not be fully to blame. There were many factors into creating the nationwide depression. The first being that the â€Å"Roaring 20’s† was the first time North Carolinians and their American counterparts could buy a lot more of the new consumer items, likeRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1848 Words   |  8 Pagesfamily is one of the most popular and familiar names in history. The Roosevelts brought America through numerous crises. In particular, Franklin Delano Roosevelt led America through two of the greatest crises in American history: the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known as FDR, is one of the most influential political leaders in the history of the United States of America. He began his political career as a New York Senator in 1910 and made his rise on the politicalRead MoreThe Great Depression And The World War II849 Words   |  4 Pagesthe era of World War II America saw some of its most dramatic cultural shifts since the country’s beginnings. This story of a mother and child expresses the changes that took place in the early half of the 1900’s which made a lasting effect in creating the consumer society we know today. This consumer-centered society that we know was developed by multiple shifts in the American economy and lifestyle. In this essay I will discuss how each the â€Å"Roaring Twenties,† the â€Å"Great Depression† and the World

Pros and Cons of Facebook - 1004 Words

Facebook Dangers Because students often post detailed and specific information on Facebook (including phone numbers, addresses, class schedules, social plans, etc.) you can be more easily stalked by strangers (or even acquaintances). Identity theft can also be a significant risk of social networking. Personal details like your full name, names of your family members, your phone number, birthday, address, and place of employment can all be used by identity thieves. Passport-style profile photos also make it easier for identity thieves to replicate your online presence. Catfishing: Coined from the independent film Catfish, which follows a filmmaker who discovers the truth about the online relationship he has been conducting†¦show more content†¦They can be a great way to understand and stay connected to your campus community as a whole. How to Stay Safe Evaluate your social networking account and postings-how do you feel about your employers seeing what you have posted? How about your parents or grandparents? Do not post private information, including your cell phone number, home address, class schedule, social plans, etc. unless you are prepared for anyone to find you/track you down, any time of the day or night. Do not post anything that might be embarrassing to you in a potential employment situation. People have been denied work because of information found on social networking sites. Utilize the Privacy settings on your Facebook account-you can adjust your privacy settings so as to control who has access to your personal information. These settings change and evolve frequently, so check your privacy settings after any site updates to ensure that you are still protected. To minimize the risk of identity theft, carefully monitor the information you make publicly available on social media or make your profile private. Using different passwords for your social media sites, email accounts and any online commerce sites (banking, shopping, billing, etc.) can also make it more difficult for identity thieves to acquire information about you[3]. Using a group photo forShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Facebook987 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook and its Enemies Technology should take the blame for sexting, bullying, identity theft, and many other social issues. However, others may say technology can help conduct schedules, simplify work and home businesses, coordinate activities, communicate with families and much more. Facebook, the   most famous social networking site, comes with its own pros and cons. Facebook though is an enemy to society and single handedly controls the lives of many people. Now, despise what I believe let’sRead MorePros and Cons of Facebook1557 Words   |  7 PagesFacebook, being one of the most famous social networking sites comes with its own pros and cons. Here in this article, I will try to show some of the  advantages and disadvantages of Facebook.   It’s No doubt, Facebook has helped a lot to cut down the physical  boundaries, and it has its benefits for personal or for business purposes. Read:  10 Facebook tips and Tricks you should know Facebook has helped a lot to create a personal brand for many individuals and for businesses. Moreover, it’s a majorRead MoreThe New Age : Pros And Cons Of Facebook1416 Words   |  6 Pages The New Age: The Pros and Cons of Facebook in Health Care Jerkis Fong CUNY School of Professional Studies  The New Age: The Pros and Cons of Facebook in Health Care We have reached a new technological era. An era in which phones, computers, and tablets run our lives. Anywhere you go, you can easily spot a person on their phone, or tablet. These devices have become indispensable. With new technological devices come social media. Social media has been defined by Wikipedia as â€Å"computer-mediatedRead MoreCons And Cons Of Social Media761 Words   |  4 PagesPros and cons of social media – Cheat Sheet At this point we all know that social media is a major asset to marketers, but what exactly are the pros and cons of each? In this post I talk about just that, for the big 6 social media platforms! Instagram Instagram has 400+ million active monthly users which is 20% of internet users and the vast majority (90%) of these are under 35. IT’s a mobile app that lets users share photos and short videos. Pros: Easy and intuitive UI, minimal text on posts andRead MorePros And Cons Of Social Media740 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many pros and cons to social media so I am indifferent about this topic. Some pros of social media is that it helps with communication with people from long distances and its also good for advertising. Some cons are it brings about cyberbullying and it’s really time consuming. These are some reasons why I am indifferent about social media. Social media has changed communication in a whole different way. From facebook to snapchat and so many others, social media has made it extremelyRead MoreSchool Newspaper, Fanshawe Interrobang ( House, 2013 )1504 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity, many of Fanshawe’s students would not be around the area from May through August, meaning that business would be slow during these months if Greig and Peck choose this segment to target (House, 2013). Target Segment 3: High School Students Pros Cons - Students have spending money from part-time job - Have less personal expenses since they usually live with their parents - More inclined to engage in non-alcohol related activities - More free time in the summer months - No direct advertisementRead MorePros and Cons of Using Social Media Tools in Schools973 Words   |  4 Pageshas transformed the world. No longer is communication the same. 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Radio (18%) †¢ Pros o Large advertising channel o Multiple radio channels o Cheaper than television o Constant †¢ Cons o Limited time frame o Not everyone listens to the radio o No visuals o Listeners avoid advertisements (switching channels) †¢ Costs o $500/month for six months (Planet not included) o Thirty-seconds $6-7 and sixty-seconds $9.50-10.50 (drive-time) Social Media †¢ Pros o Multiple social media channels o All ages are susceptible †¢ Cons o Difficult to penetrate †¢ CostsRead MoreSocial Media And The World Wide Web Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping skills for their futures. One of the largest known social media site nowadays is Facebook. Facebook is one of the largest corporations when it comes to the social media world. Facebook is widely known for its popularity and its constant development. It currently surpasses any other social media apps or websites to this day. It is by far a revolutionary network. 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“Theoretical and practical aspects of prepositions in modern english” free essay sample

There are about 150 prepositions in English. Yet this is a very small number when you think of the thousands of other words (nouns, verbs etc). Prepositions are important words. We use individual prepositions more frequently than other individual words. In fact, the prepositions of, to and in are among the ten most frequent words in English. Many of prepositions have more than one meaning. Prepositions pose more problems for the non-native speaker or learner of English than any other part of speech. Why? Prepositions are just little words that never change in form. They are pronounces softly, in unstressed syllables. They aren’t even given capital letters in book titles. Native speakers choose the correct ones without thinking. But for non-native speakers they can be confusing. Many learners and teachers sometimes view the usage and meaning of prepositions as a secret that can’t be unlocked. However, if we examine the syntactic environments of such key prepositions systematically, patterns of usage and core meaning concepts emerge which can aid explanation and learning. The prepositions at, in and on are often used in English to talk about places and times. Sometimes the choice of one over another in a particular phrase or sentence seems arbitrary. However if we analyse patterns of occurrence we can identify key concepts in meaning and usage which consistently apply and can be used as a platform for learning. The problems of the theme are: 1. They are difficult to define without using other prepositions. 2. They do not have equivalent meanings in other languages. 3. Many prepositions are also used as adverbs or conjunctions. 4. Two or more prepositions may have the same meaning and sometimes they are interchangeable and sometimes not. 5. Many prepositions are used in expressions where their meaning is very different from what might be expected. 6. A preposition in combination with another word may have different meaning. The object of the research is Preposition as a part of speech. The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of using the prepositions in modern English. The aim of the research is analysis and summing up of the knowledge in theoretical and practical aspects of prepositions in modern English. In accordance with the aim of investigation the following tasks were set: †¢ to define the function of preposition in English language; †¢ to analyze the most frequent types of prepositions; †¢ to describe the importance of learning prepositions in Modern English. The paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, resume, reference list of the publications used. CHAPTER 1. FUNCTION WORDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. PREPOSITIONS IN MODERN ENGLISH 1. 1. Function words in the English language. Function words are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. They signal the structural relationships that words have to one another and are the glue that holds sentences together. Thus, they serve as important elements to the structures of sentences. Function words are like thumbtacks. We dont notice thumbtacks; we look at the calendar or the poster they are holding up. If we were to take the tacks away, the calendar and the poster would fall down. Likewise, if we took the function words out of speech, it would be hard to figure out what was going on. Function words are a closed class. A person cannot easily invent a new preposition or conjunction [12]. As function words belong to the closed class of words in grammar in that it is very uncommon to have new function words created in the course of speech, whereas in the open class of words (that is, nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs) new words may be added readily (such as slang words, technical terms, and adoptions and adaptations of foreign words). Each function word either gives some grammatical information on other words in a sentence or clause, and cannot be isolated from other words, or it may indicate the speakers mental model as to what is being said. The distinction between function and lexical words has been very fruitful for linguistic description. So-called analytical languages, such as Chinese, are characterized by an abundance of function words. In contrast, function words are typically lacking in the speech of young children, certain kinds of aphasia, and telegraphic speech. It is also well known that languages rarely borrow function words from other languages or make up new ones (hence their status as closed class). Most recent innovations in the English vocabulary, such as pizza, angst, fax, e-mail, phat, AIDS, website, browser, screenager, to surf, Nethead, and techno-babble are lexical rather than functional in nature [26; 29]. Function words add mainly grammatical information, which means that they are defined above all by their syntactic behavior. Most traditional grammars assumed (and their descendents continue to assume) that the structure of sentences and phrases is determined mainly by lexical words. Function words were regarded as mere additions to lexical phrases. Thus, the sentence The rabbit will see the fox was analysed as a noun phrase the rabbit, followed by a verb phrase will see the fox. The determiner the was thus an addition to the noun phrase, and the auxiliary will was added to the verb phrase. A shift in this thinking came in the 1980s within the framework of generative grammar. From then on, auxiliaries were attributed with an independent contribution to the sentence structure. However, function words still did not determine the categorial status of a phrasefor example, a phrase such as the rabbit continued to be regarded as a noun phrase containing a determiner. This view changed radically by the mid-1980s, as function words were increasingly interpreted as the determinants of the categorial status of sentence elements. To use the technical terminology, function words were â€Å"projecting to a phrase† or â€Å"heading a phrase. † Determiners, for example, came to be regarded as the head of determiner phrasesthat is, the rabbit was now interpreted as a determiner phrase the . Containing the noun phrase rabbit. â€Å"Functional projections† were thus assigned a structure similar to â€Å"lexical phrases. † Research in the late 1980s and 1990s revolved around the question of exactly which functional projections a sentence may contain. Each function word expressing a grammatical function was soon regarded as a main structural building block of the sentence. The increasing importance of function words in linguistic theories went hand-in-hand with an increasingly abstract description of sentence structure. This shift provided many empirical and theoretical advantages. First, sentence structure could now be divided into three functional domains: (1) a lexical domain around the verb, which establishes semantic relations between the main sentence elements; (2) a grammatical domain around the auxiliary, which establishes grammatical relations such as agreement (the auxiliary agrees in number and person with the subject: I am/She is/They are leaving. ); (3) a discourse domain around the complementizer that, which links an embedded clause to a main clause (I know that this is true or I wonder whether this is true) [8; 26]. Second, differences between languages could be explained by how the function words, and the domains they define, were used. For instance, the so-called verb-second languages such as German, Middle English, Dutch, and Swedish move the verb to the complementizer domain, whereas languages such as English refrain from doing so. The word order of the equivalent German sentence Yesterday the rabbit saw the fox would thus be Yesterday saw the rabbit the fox. Differences between even unrelated languages were reduced to very basic principles. Function words and lexical words are not sharply distinct categories but rather form a continuum. Certain classes of words can thus share features with both prototypical lexical words and prototypical function words. The English preposition is a case in point: some prepositions have lexical meaning, such as location (behind) and direction (toward); others have little meaning (of or to). Many are used to introduce sentences (after, for, like) and are therefore similar to prototypical function words, namely complementizers [26]. Grammatical meaning can be expressed in different ways. English uses independent auxiliaries to express present or past tense (I am leaving vs. I was leaving) but also inflects the verb for the same purpose (I think vs. I thought). Languages exhibit great variation along these lines: some languages express all grammatical meaning via independent function words and are called â€Å"analytic. † So-called synthetic languages, on the other hand, employ inflection and other markings on lexical words throughout. This distinction between analytic and synthetic languages also represents a continuum, and languages can change in this respect over time. Old English made extensive use of grammatical markings on lexical words. English has lost much of this capability since then and introduced auxiliaries to fill the gap. In fact, the auxiliary will used to be a lexical verb in Old English, but it lost its meaning (â€Å"to want†) when it was recruited for expressing future tense. In modern theoretical approaches, which tend to focus more on underlying differences rather than surface variation, the distinction between analytic and synthetic languages becomes negligible [29]. In short, function words have little lexical meaning and no stress. In traditional grammars, they do not have their own projection or phrase, whereas in some modern approaches they do. They are very similar (and are historically related) to grammatical markers on lexical words. There are only about 300 function words in English. They might be prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, modal verbs, auxiliary verbs and particles (Application A) [31]. So, the function words serve as important elements to the structures of sentences. They have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. They signal the structural relationships that words have to one another and are the glue that holds sentences together. 1. 2. Prepositions as a part of function words in Modern English. Classification of prepositions Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs). In modern English prepositions serve as a means for expressing the relations of nouns, pronouns, numerals or gerunds to the other words in a sentence. These relations in the Ukrainian language are sent by means of case endings or case endings in combination with prepositions. Prepositions play a great role in word-building, they are included in different word-combinations and expressions: e. g. at last, at first, at home, at night, in vain, on foot, forever, by no means, by the way, etc [17]. Prepositions can also occur in post position with: nouns (interest in, need for), adjectives (familiar with, sure of), participles (married to, made of), and verbs (give up, look forward). In this situation, the composite can be thought of as a unit. On its shape the prepositions are divided on simple, complex and compound. The simple prepositions are those which are not dividable on componential parts. We refer here the most ancient English prepositions which are mostly monosyllabic, such as in, on, at, by, to, with, from, of etc. Simple prepositions can possess a varied number of semantic and contextual meanings: She sat on the sofa. He is going to the market. He fell off the ladder. There is some water in the bottle. She is about seven. They sat around the table. The cat was hiding under the bed. Complex prepositions are those which were formed by means of word blending: e. g. inside, outside, throughout, upon, into etc. The Compound prepositions are those which mainly present a combination of noun, adjective, participle or adverb with simple preposition or conjunction, which is composed by united meaning. The Compound prepositions mainly have one meaning, corresponding to the meaning of a meaningful word falling into the compound of the preposition. To the compound prepositions we pertain the following: because of, instead of, by means of, as far as, by force of, in spite of, in front of, in accordance with, contrary to, opposite to, as compared with etc. : He fell into the river. She sat between her kids. He sat beside her. There is nothing inside the jar. The teacher stood behind the desk. There is also a small group of prepositions, which have originated from participles and have saved the form of a participle: e. g. during; including; concerning, regarding, etc. [28;14]: There was little chance of success, notwithstanding they decided to go ahead. You did the job well, considering your age and inexperience [30]. We divide prepositions into three important kinds: 1. Preposition of Time (Application B). We use: at for a precise time; in for months, years, centuries and long periods; on for days and dates. 2. Preposition of Place (Application C). In general, we use: at for a point; in for an enclosed space; on for a surface. 3. Other Prepositions (Application D). As has been said, prepositions are short words that usually stand in front of nouns. Prepositions play a great role in word-building, they are included in different word-combinations and expressions. CHAPTER 2. THE PRACTICAL USE OF PREPOSITIONS 2. 1. Preposition combinations Prepositions and the rules concerning their usage can be confusing to learners of English as a second language. Basically, prepositions are connecting words that join objects to other parts of sentences. Preposition choice is determined by the noun, verb, adjective or particle which precedes it. Noun + Preposition Combinations. English has many examples of prepositions coming after nouns. In such cases, the prepositions are often followed by a phrase containing a noun, as in example (a) below. They can also be followed by a noun, as in example (b), or an -ing verb, as in example (c) [6]: a) Scientists at the research institute think they are close finding a solution to the problem. b) Everyone was surprised by his lack of concern. c) We need to call an expert at plumbing as soon as possible. Here are a few more nouns and prepositions which are used together: the use of a solution to influence on evidence of the cost of an increase in a possibility of danger of the price of a reason for a supply of a method of a lack of belief in the cause of difficulty with Verb + Preposition Combinations. Many English prepositions also follow verbs. Sometimes they introduce a phrase that contains a noun, as in example (a). They can also introduce a noun, as in example (b), or an -ing verb, as in example (c) [6]: a) I dont know how long we can depend on his generosity. He has already done so much for us. b) Many of the towns residents relied on neighbours for help during the flood. c) She believes in helping people who are less fortunate than her. Here are some other verbs and prepositions that are used together: I insist on . . . He can deal with . . . This can result in . . . Do you plan on . . . We belong to . . . This could lead to . . . My answer will depend on . . . You can rely on . . . They fight for . . . We fight against . . . We contribute to . . . I believe in . . . Adjective + Preposition Combinations. English also has many instances of prepositions coming after adjectives. In many cases, the prepositions precede phrases containing nouns, as in example (a), or pronouns, as in example (b). It is also possible for the prepositions to precede an -ing verb, as in (c) [6]: a) I was amazed at all the improvements. b) We were all shocked by his behaviour. c) Because the exam was more difficult than I expected, Im worried about passing. Here are some more adjectives and prepositions that are used together: proud of identical to different from tired of related to opposed to satisfied with eager for based on famous for necessary for excited about Common Sentence Errors with Prepositions. There are three common types of sentence errors which involve prepositions. 1. Using a preposition which doesnt fit the context of the sentence: I was amazed from all the improvements. Wrong! I was amazed at all the improvements. Right! 2. Omitting a preposition that belongs in a sentence: I was amazed all the improvements. Wrong! I was amazed at all the improvements. Right! 3. Adding a preposition which is not needed in the sentence: I was amazed at that the improvements were done so quickly. Wrong! I was amazed that the improvements were done so quickly. Right! In short, word combinations and preposition combinations are extremely important in the English language. There is now rule or reason why these words go together. So, they must be learned â€Å"by heart†. 2. 2. Interesting Preposition exercises Understanding and using appropriate prepositions of place and motion are often difficult for students to grasp and it takes time for them to become comfortable with these types of words. They become confused when there are a host of similar prepositions and often need plenty of help and clarification. As is often the case, visualization is a key element to learning and can make the process much easier and enjoyable for students and teacher alike. Here are three games which make the process of learning prepositions fun for all parties [30; 15]: Exercise 1: Preposition Tree Teacher draws a nice big tree on the board. Next teacher asks students to call out items which are specific to trees. If a student yells, â€Å"bird†, draw a bird somewhere on the tree and ask the class where it is. Obviously, the answer should be that, â€Å"the bird is in the three. † Try a number of these exercises until they become comfortable with the use of the prepositions of place. Draw a boy sitting under the tree eating an apple. Ask, â€Å"where is the boy? † and when they get this right, ask, â€Å"now where is the apple? † It becomes slightly more difficult. The possibilities here are limitless and it gives the kids the opportunity to visualize the meaning of individual prepositions, providing them with the know how to differentiate them and use them accurately. You can even have students come to the front of the class to draw their own ideas. A student might draw a cow on top of the tree. Although not an accurate representation of a cow’s niche, it will still afford the opportunity for students to say, â€Å"the cow is on (or on top of) the tree,† improving their use of prepositions of place (Application E). Note 1: If time allows, it might also be fun to construct a tree – make it a class project – and have the students attach little figures, birds, critters, people, etc at various places in and around the tree and have them come up with the appropriate prepositions. Note 1: Teaching negatives. If the boy is under the tree, help the students learn where the boy isn’t. â€Å"He is under the tree, so he isn’t†¦. † Wait for the answer. Exercise 2: Preposition Street Prepositions of motion present another challenge to teachers because they have to find a way to explain how things move, within the confines of the classroom. There are number of classic tactics, but a personal favorite is to draw a large city street, complete with some parked cars, traffic, buildings and people (Application F). Draw someone getting into or out of a car and ask, â€Å"what is he/she doing? † Eventually, someone will say that the man/woman is getting into/out of his/her car, or getting on/off the bus. Next, focus on pedestrians. Look at two people walking past each other and ask, â€Å"what are they doing? † Give praise when the class replies that, â€Å"they are walking past each other. † As was the case with the tree, the possibilities are limitless and only bound by one’s imagination. Like the preposition tree, when students become more comfortable, call them to the front of the class and have them draw their own ideas. Exercise 3: Preposition â€Å"I spy with my little eye† This is a pretty straight forward game but may require some explanation if the students are not aware of how to play I Spy. Once this has been made clear, the teacher picks an object in a room – for example the door – and says, â€Å"I spy with my little eye something that is rectangular/square/red/whatever. Students try to decipher the answer by asking questions with prepositions: For example, is it next to the window? No it isn’t, or yes it is. Once a student guesses the correct object, it is his/her turn to look around the room and â€Å"spy† an object for the rest of the class to discover. Finally, learning prepositions is a key element to the development of a student’s language skills. They are often thought of as boring, which is in part why students often have such a hard time with them. They don’t enjoy learning about them and therefore don’t learn them as well as other language elements. However, with these and other games, students will see that prepositions can be fun and they will want to learn. CONCLUSIONS In modern English prepositions serve as a means for expressing the relations of nouns, pronouns, numerals or gerunds to the other words in a sentence. They play a great role in word-building. Prepositions pose more problems for the non-native speaker or learner of English than any other part of speech. Prepositions are just little words that never change in form. They are pronounces softly, in unstressed syllables. They aren’t even given capital letters in book titles. Native speakers choose the correct ones without thinking. But for non-native speakers they can be confusing. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English and learning useful phrases off by heart. Learning prepositions is a key element to the development of a student’s language skills. They are often thought of as boring, which is in part why students often have such a hard time with them. They don’t enjoy learning about them and therefore don’t learn them as well as other language elements. However, with games, students will see that prepositions can be fun and they will want to learn them. RESUME There are about 150 prepositions in English. Yet this is a very small number when you think of the thousands of other words. Prepositions are important words. We use individual prepositions more frequently than other individual words. In fact, the prepositions of, to and in are among the ten most frequent words in English. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. So, social and pedagogical insight of the problem defines the topic of our course paper: â€Å"Theoretical and practical aspects of prepositions in Modern English†. The course paper consists of the introduction, two parts and 6 applications. The general namber is 30 pages. The list of the used literature consists of 32 sources. The first part of the work outlines using prepositions as a part of function words in Modern English and shows classifications of prepositions. The second part points out preposition combinations with other words and interesting preposition exercises for easier learning prepositions at school. Key words: function words, preposition, classification, combinations, exercises, simple preposition, complex preposition, compound preposition, time, place.

SM REPORT Essay Example

SM REPORT Essay Furthermore, this permitted ISM to assess the types of opportunities and threats that might arise from the industry environment. This report will also examine both threats of new entries and substitutes, and both bargaining powers of buyers and suppliers that will affect the decision making process of ISM. With the addition of competitive rivalry, this report will demonstrate how ISM can use innovation and various business strategies to stay ahead in the industry. The findings of this report will highlight the financial profitability and stability of ISM. It will analyses how training and development will help improve the skills and motivation of Isms employees. It will also depict how research and development would allow ISM to innovate and improve on its manufacturing processes. This report will also indicate how the positive brand image, along with other business strategies influence the decision making recess of ISM, allowing it to remain competitive and achieve sustainability in its growth within the industry. 2. Background Information ISM International Limited is the global leader in branded healthy lifestyle products. Listed in the Singapore Stock Exchange, ISM has over 30 years of experience and uncompromising dedication in developing innovative and reliable healthy lifestyle products (ISM AAA). Established in 1 980, ISM is a niche marketing company with a focus on the consumer. The Group is innovation-driven and is an Intellectual Property (IP) developer. ISM uses innovative selling approaches and constantly enhances its innovation capabilities to produce successful products with superior designs, features and quality. As an IP developer, ISM controls its brands, designs, technologies and concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on SM REPORT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on SM REPORT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on SM REPORT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ISM operates a wide point-of-sales network of more than 1 1 93 outlets in more than 369 cities across 31 countries in Asia, Oceania, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and North America (ISM 2012). The ISM business consists of 4 focuses which together reflect the brands holistic approach to healthy lifestyle. 3. Macro-environment Analysis Macro-environmental analysis is the initial stage in comprehensive strategic planning. The purpose of the analysis involves the study of current and potential change and the assessment of the impact of changes on the organization (Ginger and Duncan 1990). . Optical Singapore government offers loans, grants, tax incentives and Nan-financial assistance to help organizations grow their business. SPRING Singapore provides funding such as the Customer-Centric Initiative to support projects undertaken by organizations in the healthcare sector to improve customer experience and benchmark themselves against industry standards. ISM has achieved significantly la rge amount of government development grant as shown in Figure 1 (refer to Appendix 9. 1). 3. Economics The global macroeconomic conditions have stabilized in recent months against the backdrop of improved financial market conditions, and the outlook for Singapore economy remains positive. According to Singapore Department of Statistics (2013), Singapore has grown by 1. 3 per cent in 201 2 and real GAP growth in 2013 is expected to be 1 to 3 per cent. With the global economy continuing to show affirmative signs of improvements, we hence see potential in the group to rake up more sales going forward, given its huge outwork of outlets. 3. Social As Singapore continues to grow and develop, maintaining the quality of life has become increasingly important. Healthcare products are no longer deemed as a luxury good but a necessity, as society trends towards a more sophisticated and healthy lifestyle. With higher population densities and rising expectations of individuals well-beings, the l ifestyle needs of a more diverse society will be a key challenge as well as an opportunity for ISM. With an increasing ageing population in many societies, ISM can consider how they can better cater to the lifestyle needs of this particular group. 3. Technological The new competitive landscape, driven by the technological revolution is moving towards an increasing focus on innovation, both in technology and new products or services. Being the global leader in healthy lifestyle products, ISM is in the forefront of innovation and the development of a wide range of products to bring the greatest health benefits to consumers. In order to stay competitive, companies are required to use the latest technology in product innovation, continue to develop new technology, actively participate in global markets, and structure themselves to gain advantage in these markets (Hit, Keats and Demark 1998). Furthermore, new technology is allowing firms to customize products to consumers more quickly and economically in terms of production output and cost reduction activities. 3. Relating Key drivers for change with Opportunities and Threats A PASTEL analysis of the macro-environment enables organizations to anticipate opportunities, reveal threats, and carefully develop responses to change (Johnson, Whetting and Schools 201 1). It is important to analyses how the factors in the framework are changing and how they are inter-connected. The technology developments in ISM may affect the social factor such as nonusers lifestyle by introducing more leisure. For a Health and Lifestyle industry, the two most important key drivers for change are social and technological changes. Societal change such as emphasis on overall well- being for longer life expectancy may drive the potential for producing a more comprehensive range of healthy lifestyle products. Similarly, major technological advancements may have a positive impact on Isms research and development (R) activities. An example is ISM massage chairs which are designed in combination with the convenience of the mobile app technology, the ISM divine app (ISM Bibb). On the contrary, a social change in consumers preference for more outdoor leisure activities may pose a threat to Isms future home healthy lifestyle products. Similarly, the global economic conditions may pose a threat to Isms business. The nature of ISM products make them more susceptible to reduced demand in times of economic downturn than other kinds of business as their products may not be considered as essential health products (ISM 2011). . Porters Five-Forces Porters five forces model helps managers recognize and analyses competitive forces within the industry, predict new prospects and challenges and prepare bible strategies against future challenges and threats (Hills and Jones 2008). 4. 1 Threat of new entry In the healthy lifestyle products industry, scale and experience, technology and high capital investment pose as high bar riers of entry. Established industry players enjoy optimal levels of economies of scale whereby there is large-scale production at a lowest cost. This deters new entrants as it would be expensive for them to compete due to higher unit costs. New entrants do not have the relevant experience and technology that existing competitors have that allows them to enjoy cost advantages through efficiency. In addition, regulations such as patent protection and trademarks safeguard the rights of established industry players and prevent new entrants from tapping on their knowledge and resources. The high barriers of entry lead to low threat of entry due to the high level of experience, cost savings and technology that existing large operators possess. Overall, the threat of entrants is relatively low. 4. Threat of Substitutes The presence of many key players in the international market evidently shows a relatively high substitution level in the healthy lifestyle products industry. Global consumer trends have observed that consumers have become more cautious about their spending habits; however, they are still willing to spend on items that are durable and value for money (Remuneration International 2012). This trend recognizes the threat of substitutes that results from the ratio of price to performance. Environmental-wise, there is an increasing demand for products that are more sustainable, environmentally friendly and ethically produced. Lastly, technological innovations have resulted in relatively low cost of transfer to another industry, such as the beauty industry, increasing the level of substitution. Overall level of substitutes to latherer lifestyle products is relatively high. 4. Bargaining power of buyers In this industry, quality, innovation, product diversity and the ratio of price to performance factors play vital roles. Economically, emphasis should be placed on understanding and considering the expectations and experiences of consumers before prices are adjusted, irrespective of the prevailing economic conditions (Analogy and Kari 2003). Technologically, the Internet age has resulted in a group of more informed consumers. Coupled with the wide variety of options in the market the power of buyers is enhanced as they are blew to switch to other brands easily. As buyers hold high bargaining power in the industry, differentiating ones brand through product innovation and development would prevent buyers from switching to other comparative substitutes easily. Overall, the bargaining power of buyers is high. 4. 4 Bargaining power of suppliers Economically, it is more cost effective to stay with the original supplier, especially during periods of high inflation rates. Due to goodwill, the original supplier would give companies longer credit terms, which would in turn increase the liquidity of companies in the business. Technology such as analytic, software tools and telecommunications are part of providing better information to existing industry players at a lower cost, and in product distribution. Besides, employees as suppliers for knowledge in the production process have placed operators in a vulnerable position. The high bargaining power of suppliers creates an unfavorable situation for industry players. ISM recognizes the importance of their employees and tries to reduce the bargaining power of suppliers by providing their employees with good welfare and benefits (ISM 2011 Overall, the power of suppliers in this industry is high. Competitive Rivalry This force identifies the level of competition posed by direct competitors whose target market is similar to the organization. Although political measures strive to reduce the presence of inferior quality and unsubstantiated products in the market, weaker economic conditions gave rise to more conservative spending, resulting in the growth of the bl ack market and stiffer competition within the industry. The extent of competitive rivalry has also increased due to current technological advancements that have quickened the growth rate of research and development in the industry. Even though the extent of competitive rivalry is high, existing operators should continue to innovate and build brand loyalty so as to compete and differentiate themselves in the industry. Otherwise, the extent of competitive rivalry in the healthcare lifestyle products industry is high. 4. Overall Five Forces Impact Using the five forces model to analyses the industry, it is increasingly favorable and attractive for potential and new industry players. 5. Resources and Competences Based on the resource-based view of strategy, the competitive advantage and superior performance of an organization is determined by its distinctive abilities (Heartfelt 1984). Strategic capabilities refer to the capabilities of an organization that contribute to its long-term survival which consists of its resources and competences (Mentors 2004), and when resources are deployed efficiently and effectively, it is said to be the firms core competences (Johnson, Whetting and Schools 2011 5. Financial Resource 2012 201 1 (AS million) Growth (%) Sales 602 554 Profit 87 69 +32 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 193,813 73,157 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 201 ,731 According to ISM (201 3), the Group has achieved its third consecutive year f record profit despite a tough economic environment. Isms ability to manage its cash flow has been reflected in the increased of cash and cash equivalents at end of both 2011 and 2012. For its balance sheet, it was evident that ISM has been improving its cash position and paring down its borrowings consistently, due to its strong positive operating cash flows over the years. They had done well in building a strong balance sheet with a net cash position of SASS million (ISM 2013), and showed superior management in its cash flows. 5. Inhuman Resource Johnson, Whetting and Schools (201 1) propose that the efficiency and effectiveness of the people in an organization depend not just on their existence, but on the relationship and cooperation between customers, partners or suppliers. In an attempt to build relationships across valuable networks, ISM signed a cooperation agreement with LEG Electronics Inc to enlarge its presence and market share in South Korea (ISM 2007). The Group has also gone into several partnerships (Figure 2; refer to Appendix 9. 2) whereby ISM can leverage on their nationwide specialty outlets across numerous states. Brand is always foremost in the company and consumers minds; hence, ISM ensures that everyone gets involved to ensure consistency In customers experience with the brand. It achieves this by implementing continuous improvement to keep the skills of its staff updated (Tem portal 2006). . Intangible Resource Hall (1992) argued that a companys reputation is perceived as one of the most significant resources which make the most important contribution to business success. ISM Asia No. 1 is an independent research conducted by Syncopate an international market research company, to determine Saiss most preferred brand of healthy lifes tyle products. The study found ISM to e a leading international brand with a strong presence in its key markets. The value reflected the brands ability to deliver a compelling and consistent experience that was relevant to its customers. Its superior brand image is clearly shown in Figure 3 (refer to Appendix 9. 3). 5. Vern Strategic Capabilities as a Basis of Competitive Advantage A firm achieves sustainable competitive advantage when the implemented value creating strategy is not similar to the strategies of current or potential competitors, and benefits of this strategy are not easily replicated by competitors (Barney 1991). In order to understand sources of sustainable nominative advantage, the value chain of ISM is considered in the diagnosis of its strategic capabilities. . 4. 1 V- value of Strategic Capabilities Considering the primary activity (marketing and sales), and support activities (technology development and human resource management) of ISM value chain in Figure 4 (refer to Appendix 9. 4), these capabilities provide the exploitation of opportunities and neutralist threats. Technology development, such as Isms in-house team enables the Group to enhance its R competencies to provide greater value-add t o its business and greater input to the design of its products. According to COBS (201 0), ISM has been actively adding its product range by renewing its product line by up to 25% every six month to cater to the changing needs of consumers. In addition, Isms message of We focus on attracting and grooming great talent committed to our companys goals (Temporal 2006) has proven that its human resource is seen as providing potential competitive advantage. It supports the notion of Happy staff, happy customers through providing training and development. In terms of marketing and sales, ISM has an extensive point-of-sales network and geographical coverage in their markets (refer to Appendix 9. Whereby consumers are made aware of their products and are able to purchase it. 5. 4. 2 R-rarity of Strategic Capabilities Rare capabilities are those possessed uniquely by one organization or by a few others. ISM has worldwide technology patents that give it advantage. For example, Isms patented Music-Synchronized Massage technology and patented ISM Human-AD mas sage programmer which are designed together with its massage chairs. Andrea and Cobra (1996) argued that rarity provides competitive advantage if it meets customer needs, and are of value to them. The convenience of the mobile app technology on its massage hairs has significantly eased the control and transformed into an intelligent, multi-sensory enjoyment for consumers. In summary, ISM has a number of strategic capabilities that are valuable and rare. However, it is not difficult for competitors to imitate the tangible resources of ISM as these can be acquired or imitated over time, and the risks of its product and service substitution are relatively high given the increasing demand for sophisticated and healthy lifestyle. ISM needs to develop products that are inimitable and non-substitutable to increase its bases of sustainable competitive advantage. 6. Business Strategy There are three generic types Of business strategies; cost-leadership, differentiation and focus strategies, with cost-focus and differentiation-focus strategies as subsets of focus strategy (Johnson, Whetting and Schools 201 1). The strategies that ISM is implementing are identified to be differentiation-focus strategies, which refer to the focus on the specialization of creating valuable good and services to answer specific needs of consumers in order to achieve price premium. MM, being the pioneer in the healthy lifestyle industry, focuses on bringing the lifestyle of well-being to their customers (MUM 2007). As a result, the numbers of ISM outlets have continuously grown in many shopping malls. ISM maintains strong relationships with shopping mall owners such as Capitalist and Nameplate in order to be invited as a tenant in their newly opened malls (COBS 2010). Their continuous expansion plans have evidently shown their focus on bringing the lifestyle of well-being to consumers through extensive presence in most shopping malls. In addition, in comparison to Isms competitors such as TOT Boatyard and Gawk, Isms focus on their customers well-being is their differentiating factor amongst other healthcare products providers. Isms continuous innovation and growth has exemplified their mission of delivering well-being to their customers. It couples innovation with passion to drive steady growths and continuous product launches in order to promote positivist to their customers and providing them with the ultimate product usage experience (ISM 2007). In contrast, TOT Boatyard (2011) focuses on using innovation to produce products at low cost to reach out to consumers with right pricing strategies and Gawk (2007) concentrates on producing quality products. Isms usage of innovation is more inclined to producing valuable products hat cater to the healthcare needs of consumers. Another source of focus differentiation originates from Isms commitment to RD to develop their products. Nations Matrix serves as a good strategic management approach for improving competitiveness (Taylor 2012). With reference to Figure 5 (refer to Appendix 9. 5), Isms incorporation of technology and product development has led to the creation of new products for existing markets. Continuous launches of new products via RD innovations to existing markets serve as a defensive strategy to retain customers (Koch 2008). 7. Suitability of Isms Business Strategy Strategy evaluation is an appraisal of how well a business performs. As the environment changes, companies need to alter their strategies to adapt to the environment in order to prosper (Miller 1988). An external environmental analysis and internal capability evaluation has been carried out to determine Isms strategic position, and the suitability of each strategic choice is evaluated in terms of the environment and its capabilities (Table 1 and 2; refer to Appendix 9. 6 and 9. 7). It is clear that Isms competitive strategy (differentiation focus), strategy direction (product development), and ethos of pursuing strategies (acquisitions and alliances shown in Figure 6; Appendix 9. 8) work together as a package. ISM is in a favorable position within its industry given its first-mover advantage, and its strategic option of product development has proved to provide a basis of competitive advantage by reducing competitive intensity and development of barriers to new entrants. It has leveraged on its in-house RD team which is considered as one Of its strategic capabilities to deliver differentiation benefits as valued by its consumers. In addition, ISM has adapted to its environment by exploiting n the opportunity that consumers are trending towards a healthy and positive lifestyle.